Storm Surge - Historic Events - MDL

Peak Storm Storm-Tide (Storm Surge + Tide, feet AGL) 1: <= 3 ft, 2: <= 6 ft, 3: <= 9 ft, 4: <= 12 ft, 5: <= 15 ft, 6: > 15ft

2024-Oct

Oct 21-23

w3: 8 mhhw

P-ETSS

AK {Unalakleet}

2024-Milton

Oct 5-12

Ob w2: 5.2 mhhw
Fs w5: 10-15 agl

(FEV)

Warn-A11
PS-Adv 5-8,10-22

(Cat5, 897, 33+, $30+)
{Tornados!}

{LF: S. of Tampa}
FL, GA, MEX

2024-Helene

Sep 23-29 

Ob w5: >12.1 navd88
Fs w6: 15-20 agl

(FEV)

Warn-A6
PS-Adv 1-8

(Cat4, 938, 225, $45+)
{Inland flooding NC}

{LF: N.W. FL}, NC,
SC, GA, FL, TN, VA,
IN, KY, WV,IL,OH,AL 

2024-Francine

Sep 12

w2: 5 mhhw

Warn-A5
PS-Adv 1-15

(Cat2, 972, 0, $1.5)

{LF: LA}, LA, MS

2024-Gilma-cp

Aug 30

w1: 3 mhhw

PS-Adv 43,46

(Cat4, 949, -, -)

HI

2024-Hone-cp

Aug 25

w1: 3 mhhw

PS-Adv 2-7,
9-11,13,14

(Cat1, 988, -, -)

HI

2024-Post-
Typhoon Ampil

Aug 22

w3: 6.3 mhhw

P-ETSS

(Cat4, 947, -, -)

AK

2024-Debby

Aug 5,6

w2: 5.1 mhhw

(FEV)

Warn-A5
PS-Adv 6-20

(Cat1, 979, 10, >$1)

{LF: N.W. FL}, FL,
GA, SC, NC

2024-Beryl

Jul 8

w3: 8 mhhw

Warn-A33
PS-Adv 29-41

(Cat5, 934, 71, >$6.86)

{LF: TX} TX, LA

2024-Alberto

Jun 19,20

w1: 3 mhhw

(TS, 993, 5, $0.179)

{LF: MEX}, TX, LA

2024-Jan

Jan 10-14

w2: 4.2 mhhw

P-ETSS

ME (Seavey Is)

2023-Otis-ep (R)

Oct 22-25

(Cat5, 922, 52+, $16)

MEX

2023-Bolaven-wp

Oct 6-14

(Typhoon, 903, 0, -) 

Guam

2023-Ophelia

Sep 22-24

w2: 3-5 agl

(TCR,FEV)

Warn-A4

(TS, 981, 0, $0.450) 

NC, VA, MD, NY, DE

2023-Lee

Sep 13,14

w1: 1-2 agl

(TCR,FEV)

Watch-A34
PS-Adv 34-37

(Cat5, 926, 3, $0.050)

New England

2023-Idalia

Aug 27-31 

w4: 8-12 agl

(TCR,FEV)

Warn-A15
PS-Adv 5-20

(Cat4, 940, 7, $2.5)

N.W. FL

2023-Hillary-ep

Aug 16-22

(Cat4, 939, 2, $0.690)

CA

2023-Dora-cp (R)

Jul 31 -
Aug 21

(Cat4, 939, -, -)

HI

2023-Calvin-cp

Jul 11-19

(Cat3, 955, -, -)

HI

2023-Mawar-wp

May 19 -
Jun 3

(Cat5, 897, 6, $0.250)

Guam

2023-Jan28

Jan 28,29

P-ETSS

2023-Jan14

Jan 14-17

P-ETSS

2023 P-Surge v3.0 (Bottom Friction, PR, simul. storms) ; 2023 P-ETSS v1.3 (Bottom Friction, fine res - AK)

2022-Nicole

Nov 7-11

w2: 5 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A12

(Cat1, 980, 11, $1)

PR, FL

2022-Ian (R)

Sep 26-30

w5: 10-15 agl

(TCR,FEV)

Warn-A18
PS-Adv 12-33

(Cat5, 937, 161, $113)

S.W. FL, SC

2022-Fiona (R)

Sep 14-27

w1: 1-3 agl 

(TCR)

(Cat4, 931, 29, $3.4)

PR

2022-Post-
Typhoon Merbok

Sep 14-19

w5: 12.5 agl

(FEV)

P-ETSS

(Cat1, 965, -, -)

AK

2021-Oct

Oct 28

(FEV)

P-ETSS
River Forcing

MD, DE

2021-Nicholas

Sep 12-20

w2: 3-6 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A5
PS-Adv 2

(Cat1, 988, 2, $1.1)

N. TX

2021-Ida (R)

Aug 27-30

w5: 9-14 agl

(TCR,FEV)
(Service)

Warn-A7
PS-Adv 3-18

(Cat4, 929, 107, $75.3)

New Orleans

2021-Henri

Aug 20-22

w2: 2-4 agl

(TCR,FEV)

Warn-A22
PS-Adv 18-27

(Cat1, 986, 2, $0.7)

New England

2021-Fred

Aug 15,16

w2: 2-4 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A28
PS-Adv 24-29

(TS, 991, 7, $1.3)

N.W. FL

2021-Elsa

Jun 30 -
Jul 10

w1: 1-3 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A28

(Cat1, 991, 13, $1.2)

East Coast

2021 P-Surge v2.9 (Utilize NHC forecast of RMW)

2020-Iota (R)

Nov 13-18

(Cat4, 917, 84, $1.4)

NIC, HND, COL,
SLV, GTM, PAN

2020-Eta (R)

Nov 8,9

w1: 3 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A33
PS-Adv 31-35

(Cat4, 922, 175, $8.3)

FL (Tampa Bay)

2020-Zeta

Oct 26-29

w4: 6-10 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A11
PS-Adv 9-18

(Cat3, 970, 9, $4.4)

New Orleans

2020-Delta

Oct 7-10

w3: 6-9 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A12
PS-Adv 12-22

(Cat4, 953, 6, $3.0)

LA

2020-Beta

Sep 17-25

w2: 4.2 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A9

(TS, 993, 1, $0.225)

TX, LA, MS

2020-Sally

Sep 12-16

w3: 5-7 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A8
PS-Adv 5-21

(Cat2, 965, 4, $7.3)

New Orleans

2020-Laura (R)

Aug 24-27

w6: 12-18 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A23
PS-Adv 19-30

(Cat4, 937, 81, $23.3)

LA

2020-Marco

Aug 22-24

w1: 1-2 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A13
PS-Adv 10-16

(Cat1, 991, 0, $0.035)

New Orleans

2020-Isaias

Jul 31 -
Aug 4

w2: 3-6 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A23
PS-Adv 15-30

(Cat1, 986, 17, $5.03)

East Coast

'20-Douglas-cp

Jul 20-30

(Cat4, 954, -, -)

HI

2020-Hanna

Jul 24-26

w2: 3-5 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A11
PS-Adv 8-13

(Cat1, 973, 9, $1.2)

S. TX

2020-Cristobal

Jun 1-12

w3: 6.2 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A17

(TS, 988, 46, $0.865)

LA

2020 P-ETSS v1.1 (31 GEFS, 21 GEPS)

2019-Imelda

Sep 17-19

w1: 1-2 agl

(TCR)

(TS, 1003, 7, $4.8)

TX, LA

2019-Dorian (R)

Sep 1-6

w3: 5-7 agl

(TCR)

WarnA-35
PS-Adv 33-53

(Cat5, 910, 84, $5.1)

FL, NC

2019-Barry

Jul 10-14

w2: 4-6 agl

(TCR)

WarnA-5
PS-Adv 1-16

(Cat1, 993, 3, $0.9) 

LA

2019-Wutip-wp

Feb 18 -
Mar 2

(Typhoon, 895, -, -)

Guam

2018-Michael (R)

Oct 7-11

w5: 9-14 agl

(TCR,FEV)
(Service)

Warn-A10
PS-Adv 7-17

(Cat5, 919, 74, $25.5)

US Gulf Coast

'18-Mangkhut-wp

Sep 6-17

(Typhoon, 868, 134, $3.77)

Guam

2018-Isaac

Sep 7-15

(FEV)

(Cat1, 995 mb)

PR - (Rain)

2018-Gordon

Sep 3-8

w1: 1-3 agl

(TCR)

Warn-A5
PS-Adv 3-11

(TS, 996, 3, $0.2)

MS, AR, FL Keys

'18-Florence (R)

Aug 31 -
Sep 8

w4: 8-11 agl

(TCR,FEV)
(Service)

Warn-A50
PS-Adv 48-65

(Cat4, 937, 54, $24.2)

Eastern US

2018-Lane-cp

Aug 15-29

(FEV)

(Cat5, 926, 1, $0.25) 

HI

2018-Maria-wp

Jul 3-12

(Typhoon, 910, 2, $0.637)

Guam

2018-Alberto

May 25 -
Jun 1

w1: 1-3 agl

(TCR)

Watch-A2
PS-Adv 1

(TS, 990, 18, $0.125)

MS

2018-Mar1

Feb 28 -
Mar 1

(FEV)

P-ETSS

DE, NJ, NY, CT,
RI, VT, ME

2018-Gita-sp

Feb 3-22

(Cat4, 927, 1, $0.253)

Am Samoa

2018-Jan17

Jan 3-17

(FEV)

P-ETSS

MA

2017-Nate (R)

Oct 4-9

w3: 6-9 agl

(TCR,FEV)

Warn-A9
PS-Adv 7-16

(Cat1, 981, 48, $0.787)

AL, LA, MS

2017-Maria (R)

Sep 16-30

w3: 6-9 agl

(TCR,FEV)

Warn-A42
PS-Adv 35-46

(Cat5, 908, 3,059, $91.6) 

PR

2017-Jose

Sep 5-25

w1: < 3 agl

(TCR,FEV)

P-ETSS

(Cat4, 938, 1, $0.00284)

CT, RI, MA

2017-Irma (R)

Aug 30 -
Sep 12

w3: 5-8 agl

(TCR,FEV)

Warn-A36
PS-Adv 34-51

(Cat5, 914, 52, $77.2)

FL, PR

2017-Harvey (R)

Aug 17 -
Sep 1

w4: 6-10 agl

(TCR,FEV)
Service

Warn-A25
PS-Adv 23-42

(Cat4, 937, 107, $125)

TX, LA

2017-Mar

Mar 13-
Apr 13

(FEV)

P-ETSS

NY

2017 Tropical Storm Surge Watch / Warning ; 2017 (Dec 6) P-ETSS v1.0 (21 GEFS)

2016-Otto (R)

Nov 20-26

(Cat3, 975, 23, $0.192)

PAN, CRI, NIC

2016-Matthew (R)

Sep 28 -
Oct 9

w3: 5-7 agl

(TCR,FEV)
Service

PS-Adv 26-44

(Cat5, 934, 731, $16.5)

SE US

2016-Hermine

Aug 28 -
Sep 8

w3: 4-7 agl

(TCR,FEV)

PS-Adv 11-24

(Cat1, 981, 4, $0.55)

N.W. FL

2016-Colin

Jun 5-7

w1: < 3 agl

(TCR)

PS-Adv 26-40

(TS, 1001, 6, $0.001)

N.W. FL

2016-Jan

Jan 23-24

w2: 3.5 mhhw

Service

ETSS-2.0

(ET, 983, 55, $0.5) 

DE, NJ (Cape May)

2015-
Patricia-ep (R)

Oct 20-24

(Cat5, 872, 8, $0.463)

MEX, TX

2015-Joaquin (R)

Sep 28 -
Oct 8

w2: 3-4 agl

(TCR,FEV)

ETSS-2.0

(Cat4, 931, 34, $0.2)

VA, BHS, BMU, CUB, HTI

2015-Erika (R)

Aug 24-28 

(TS, 1001, 35, $0.511)

DMA, HTI

2015-Chan-hom-wp

Jun 29 -
Jul 13

(Typhoon, 933, 18, $1.59)

Guam

2015-Dolphin-wp

May 6-24

(Typhoon, 918, 1, $0.014)

Guam

2015-Jan

Jan 26-28

w2: 3.4 mhhw

(FEV)

ETSS-2.0

CT, MA

2015 Tropical Inundation graphic ; 2015 ETSS v2.0 (overland surge and tide)

2014-Odile-ep (R)

Sep 10-19

(Cat4, 918, 18, $1.25)

MEX

2014-Arthur

Jul 1-9

w2: 3-5 agl

(TCR)

PS-Adv 6-14

(Cat2, 973, 0, $0.040) 

NC

2014 P-Surge v2.0 (Surge + Tide ensemble)

2013-Francisco-wp

Oct 15-26 

(Typhoon, 920, 0, $0.0002)

Guam

2013-Manuel-ep (R)

Sep 13-20

(Cat1, 983, 169, $4.2)

MEX

2013-Ingrid (R)

Sep 12-17

(Cat1, 983, 32, $1.5)

MEX

2012-Sandy (R)

Oct 22-29

w3: 4-9 agl

(TCR,FEV)
Service

PS-Adv 21-31

(Cat3, 940, 254, $68.7)

Mid-Atlantic,
NE US

2012-Isaac

Aug 21 -
Sep 3

w6: 10-17 agl

(TCR)

PS-Adv 16-38

(Cat1, 965, 41, $3.1)

LA

Prior to 2012, the TCRs referred to Storm Surge, whereas later they refer to "Above Ground Level" which is only applicable to Storm Tide (Storm Surge + Tide)

(*) From the "Water-level" scale perspective, to adjust a pre-2012 max storm surge value to a post-2012 max storm tide value, we could assume the max storm surge occurred at the timing of the MSL.  If so, we'd need to subtract a site specific difference between MHHW and MSL (about 1 foot in the Gulf of Mexico and up to 3 feet on the East Coast).  If instead we assume it occurs at the timing of the MHHW, we wouldn't need any adjustment.  Since storm surge is a long duration event, a significant portion of the surge should be in effect at the time of MHHW, so we'll keep the same ranges, but note that the pre-2012 categories "may need to subtract 0 to 2 feet to be compared to Storm Tide Above Ground Levels.

Peak Storm Surge 1: <= 3 ft, 2: <= 6 ft, 3: <= 9 ft, 4: <= 12 ft, 5: <= 15 ft, 6 > 15ft (may need to subtract 0 to 2 feet to be compared to Storm Tide AGL)

2011-Nov

Nov 4-11

ETSS

(ET, 943, 1, $0.024)

AK

2011-Lee

Sep 2-7

w2: 4.76

(TCR,FEV)

(TS, 986, 18, $2.8) 

LA, MS

2011-Irene (R)

Aug 21-30

w4: 8-11

(TCR,FEV)
Service

PS-Adv 20-34

(Cat3, 942, 58, $14.2)

Mid-Atlantic,
NE US

2010-Tomas (R)

Oct 29 -
Nov 11

(Cat2, 982, 44, $0.463)

BRB, CUB, CUW, HTI,
MTQ, VCT, LCA, TTO

2010-Karl

Sep 14-18

(Cat3, 956, 22, $3.9)

BLZ, MEX

2010-Igor (R)

Sep 8-23

(Cat4, 924, 4, $0.2)

CPV, BMU, CAN

2010-Hermine

Sep 3-10

w2: 3.4

(TCR)

PS-Adv 3-4

(TS, 989, 52, $0.740)

MEX, CRI, GTM, TX, OK

2010-Sep

Aug 21 -
Sep 8

(FEV)

ETSS

MD, VA

2010-Earl

Aug 25 -
Sep 5

w2: 4.27

(TCR)

PS-Adv 26-40

(Cat4, 927, 8, $0.045)

ATG, GLP, KNA, DMA, AIA,
VGB, PR, VI, NC, CAN

2010-Alex

Jun 25 -
Jul 6 

w2: < 5

(TCR)

PS-Adv 12-22

(Cat2, 946, 51, $1.5)

DOM, NIC, SLV,
GTM, MEX, TX

2010-Agatha-ep

May 29 -
Jun 1

(TS, 1001, 204, $1.1)

MEX, GTM,
Central Am.

2010-Mar

Mar 13-15

(FEV)

ETSS

DC

Notes

• W-level: 1=[2..4] ft, 2=[5..8] ft, 3=[9-11] ft, 4=[12..14] ft, 5=[15...] ft - Storm Surge
• (PAC) = Pacific Tropical Cyclone; (ET) = Extra-Tropical storm
• Dollar amounts are in Billions
• [R] = NHC's retired names list
• [$] = NHC's costliest storms
• [H] = NHC's hurricanes in history list
• [$$] = Wikipedia's costliest Atlantic Hurricanes
• [Fame] = Hurricanes Fandom Hall of Fame wiki page
• [P] = P-Surge retrospective
• [@] = Latest major/minor on record for area

2009 (1-TC 1-ET)

• Nor'Ida, Nov-2009 (ET, 992 mb, 6 dead, $0.300, W-Level 2) Nov 10 - Nov 16 {NC, VA, MD}
  • Flood Event Viewer: Nov-2010
  • 7.74 feet of storm surge in Norfolk VA [wiki]
• Ida (Cat2, 975 mb, 4 dead, $0.011.4, W-Level 2) Nov 10 - Nov 11 {Central Am. Cayman Is., Yucatan Peninsula, Cuba, S.E. US, Mid-Atlantic US, New England, CAN}
  • P-Surge Adv 22 - 24
  • 6.53 feet of storm surge at Bay Gardene, LA (NHC's TCR)

2008 (4-TC)

• Paloma [R] (Cat4, 944 mb, 1 dead, $0.455) Nov 5 - Nov 10 {Central Am. Jamaica, Cayman Is., Cuba, Bahamas, Florida} -- Limited impact to US (due to explosive development of heavy rains)
• Ike [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat4, 935 mb, 214 dead, $30 / $38, W-Level 5) Sep 1 - Sep 14 {TX, LA ; Lucayan Achipeligo, Hispaniola, Cuba, Cayman Is, Great Lakes, CAN}
  • P-Surge Adv 25 - 50
  • 15 to 20 feet (17.5 feet measured) of storm surge on Bolivar Peninsula, Chambers Co, TX (NHC's TCR)
  • Flood Event Viewer: Ike
  • AGL Concept ; SLOSH Input Track (EGL3)
• Hanna [Fame] (Cat1, 977 mb, 537 dead, $0.160) Sep 7 - Sep 12 {PR, Turks, Caicos, BHS, Hispaniola, US East Coast, CAN}  -- Main impact was to mudslides in Haiti
• Gustav [R][$][Fame][P] (Cat4, 941 mb, 153 dead, $6 / $8.3, W-Level 4) Aug 25 - Sep 4 {LA ; Lesser/Greater Antilles, US Gulf Coast, OK, AK, TN, Missouri, Illinois, Michigan}
  • P-Surge Adv 25 - 33
  • 12 to 13 feet of storm surge LA coast in the MS Delta southeast of New Orleans (NHC's TCR)
  • Flood Event Viewer: Gustav
  • SLOSH Input Track (MS7)
• Fay (TS, 986 mb, 36 dead, $0.560, W-Level 1) Aug 15 - Aug 27 {Leeward Is, PR, Hispaniola, JAM, CYM, CUB, FL, GA, AL, MS, LA, AR, TN, KY, WV, OH}
  • P-Surge Adv 7 - 20
  • 3 to 5 feet of storm surge in Everglades City area, FL (NHC's TCR)
• Dolly [$] (Cat2, 963 mb, 22 dead, $1.3 / $1.6, W-Level 1) Jul 20 - Jul 25 {S. TX ; CYM, HND, BLZ, GTM, Yucatan Peninsula, MEX, TX, NM, AZ}
  • P-Surge Adv 5 - 14
  • 4 feet of storm surge at South Padre Island, TX (NHC's TCR)
• Alma [R] (PAC) (TS, 994 mb, 4 dead, $0.035) May 29 - May 30 {Central Am}

2008 P-Surge v1.0 (Surge ensemble)

2007 (1-TC)

• Noel [R] (Cat1, 980 mb, 220 dead, $0.580) Nov 2 - Nov 7 {Leeward Is, PR, Hispaniola, JAM, CUB, Turks, BHS, FL, East US, CAN} -- Main impact was heavy rains in Haiti and Dominican Republic
• Humberto (Cat1, 985 mb, 1 dead, $0.050, W-Level 1) Sep 12 - Sep 14 {TX, LA, MS, NC, SC}
  • P-Surge Adv 5 - 6
  • 2 to 4 feet from east of Galveston Bay TX, to Lake Charles LA (NHC's TCR)
• Felix [R][Fame] (Cat5, 929 mb, 133 dead, $0.720) Sep 5 - Sep 7 {TTO, Windward Is, VEN, Leeward Antilles, ABW, COL, CRI, NIC, HND, SLV, Belize, GTM, MEX}  - High Death toll in NIC
• Dean[R][$$][Fame] (Cat5, 905 mb, 45 dead, $1.66) Aug 13 - Aug 27 {Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, NIC, HND, Belize, GTM MX, US Gulf coast} - Devastating impact to Yucatan Peninsula
• Barry (TS, 997 mb, 1 dead, $0.118) Jun 1 - Jun 5 {SLV, CUB, FL, US East coast, CAN}

2006 (2-TC)

• Ernesto (Cat1, 985 mb, 11 dead, $0.500, W-Level 2) Aug 24 - Sep 1 {Lesser/Greater Antilles, US East Coast, CAN}
  • 3 feet of storm surge at Wrightsville Beach, NC with about 6 feet in some areas (NHC's TCR)
  • 4 to 6 feet in Beaufort Co, NC ; Potomac River [wiki]
• Alberto (TS, 995 mb, 3 dead, $0.420, W-Level 2) Jun 10 - Jun 19 {N.W. Caribbean, S.E. US, CAN}
  • 3 feet of water into a restaurant in Citrus Co. FL; 4 feet storm surge at Cedar Key (NHC's TCR)
  • 7.3 feet storm tide at Crystal River Power Plant (FL Panhandle) [wiki]
• Ioke [R] (PAC) (Cat5, 915 mb, 0 dead, $0.088) Aug 20 - Sep 12 {Johnston Atol, Wake Is, Minamitorishima, Kamchatka Peninsula} -- Cat 5 hurricane impact to Wake Is.

2005 (8-TC)

• Wilma [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat5, 882 mb, 52 dead, $22.4, W-Level 3) Oct 15 - Oct 26 {Haiti, MEX, Bahamas, Jamaica, S FL}
  • P-Surge Adv 29 - 35
  • 9 feet of storm surge near Marathon, 4 - 8 feet Collier Co, (NHC's TCR)
  • Flood Event Viewer: Wilma
• Tammy (TS, 1001 mb, 10 dead, $0.030, W-Level 1) Oct 5 - Oct 6 {BHS, FL, GA, SC}
  • 2 to 4 feet of storm surge in N.E. FL, GA, and SC (NHC's TCR)
• Stan [R][$$][Fame] (Cat1, 977 mb, 1,673 dead, $3.9) Oct 1 - Oct 5 {Coasta Rico, NIC, HND, SLV, Belize, GTM, MEX} - Mudslides in GTM
• Rita [R][$][H][Fame] (Cat5, 895 mb, 895 mb, 120 dead, $18.5, W-Level 4) Sep 18 - Sep 26 {FL, LA, MS, TX}
  • 15 feet of storm surge in Cameron LA; 12 feet in western St. Mary Parish (NHC's TCR)
  • Flood Event Viewer: Rita
• Ophelia (Cat1, 976 mb, 3 dead, $0.070, W-Level 2) Sep 6 - Sep 23 {BHS, US East Coast, CAN}
  • 4 to 6 feet Pamlico Sound including Neuse, Pamlico, and Newport Rivers (NHC's TCR)
  • 6 to 8 feet south part of Pamlico Sound, NC [wiki]
• Katrina [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat5, 902 mb, 1,392 dead, $125, W-Level 8) Aug 23 - Aug 31 {LA, MS, AL, FL, GA}
  • P-Surge Adv 18 - 25
  • 27.8 feet at Pass Christian, 24 to 28 feet along 20 miles of MS Coast centered on St. Louis Bay, 17 to 22 feet along eastern half of MS coast, 6 miles inland, and up to 12 miles along bays and rivers (NHC's TCR)
  • Service Assessment: Katrina
  • Katrina Supplemental; Levees failed ; SLOSH Input Track (MS7)
• Emily [$$] (Cat5, 929 mb, 22 dead, $1, W-Level 1) Jul 11 - Jul 21 {Guyana, Lesser/Greater Antilles, VEN, COL, HND, Belize, MEX, TX}
  • Estimated storm tides in the 4 - 5 foot range (NHC's TCR)
  • 4.26 feet of storm surge in TX [wiki]
• Dennis [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat4, 930 mb, 88 dead, $3.98, W-Level 2) Jul 4 - Jul 18 {Windward Is, Greater Antilles, CUB, FL Keys, MS, AL, CAN}
  • P-Surge Adv 17 - 24
  • 6 to 9 feet above normal tide levels in Apalachee Bay (NHC's TCR)
  • 9 feet storm surge in the Apalachee Bay Region, and 7 feet on FL Panhandle [wiki]
  • SLOSH Input Track (EPN3) ; Trapped Kelvin Wave?
• Cindy (Cat1, 991 mb, 3 dead, $0.320, W-Level 2) Jul 3 - Jul 12 {Yucatan Peninsula, LA, MS, DE, MD}
  • 4 to 6 feet of storm surge along coasts of S.E. LA and MS (NHC's TCR)

2004 (6-TC)

• Jeanne [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat3, 950 mb, 3,037 dead, $7.94, W-Level 2) Sep 13 - Sep 28 {Haiti, DOM, PR, FL, SC, VA}
  • P-Surge Adv 44 - 49
  • 3.8 feet of storm surge at Trident Pier, up to 6 feet likely in area of Melbourne FL(NHC's TCR)
  • 10 feet in St Lucie Co., FL ; 8 feet in Martin Co, FL [NCDC]
• Ivan [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat5, 910 mb, 124 dead, $26.1, W-Level 4) Sep 2 - Sep 25 {GRD, JAM, DOM, VEN, Cayman Is, TTO, BRB, AL, NW FL}
  • P-Surge Adv 48 - 54
  • 10 to 15 feet of storm surge along coasts from Destin, FL to Mobile Bay, AL (NHC's TCR)
  • 14 feet - Orange Beach, AL
  • SLOSH Input Track (EMO2) ; Crazy Ivan - Does the loop-da-loop
• Gaston (Cat1, 985 mb, 9 dead, $0.130, W-Level 1) Aug 27 - Sep 3 {NC, SC, VA, MD, DE, MA}
  • -4.5 feet of storm surge (blow out) in Bulls Bay, SC; 1 foot in Charleston Harbor (NHC's TCR)
  • 4 feet of storm surge in Bulls Bay, SC [wiki]
• Frances [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat4, 935 mb, 50 dead, $10.1, W-Level 2) {Bahamas, FL, GA, SC, NC, CAN}
  • P-Surge Adv 37 - 44
  • 5.89 feet MSL at St. Lucie Lock, FL; 8 feet near Vero Bay, and 6 feet around Cocoa Beach (NHC's TCR)
• Charley [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat4, 941 mb, 35 dead, $16.9, W-Level 2) Aug 9 - Aug 15 {CUB, JAM, SW FL, SC, NC, RI}
  • P-Surge Adv 10 - 16
  • 4.2 feet near Horseshoe Key, 6 - 7 feet on Sanibel and Estero Is. (NHC's TCR)
  • Service Assessment: Charley
  • SLOSH Input Track (EFM2)
• Alex (Cat3, 957 mb, 1 dead, $0.0075, W-Level 2) Jul 31 - Aug 6 {Outer Banks NC, Sable Is.}
  • 6 feet at Buxton NC (NHC's TCR)
• Isis [R] (PAC) (Cat1, 987 mb)
• Catarina [Fame] (Cat2, 972 mb, 11 dead, $0.350) Mar 24 - Mar 28 {S. Brazil} - Rare South Atlantic Hurricane

2003 (3-TC)

• Juan [R] (Cat2, 969 mb, 8 dead, $0.200) Sep 24 - Sep 29 {CAN} - 5 - 7 - feet; highest surge recorded in Halifax Harbor.
• Isabel [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat5, 915 mb, 51 dead, $3.6, W-Level 2) Sep 6 - Sep 19 {Caribbean and S.E US, NC, VA, Mid-Atlantic, N.E US}
  • P-Surge Adv 43 - 49
  • 6 to 8 feet of storm surge in NC, 4 to 6 in VA, 2 to 4 in MD (NHC's TCR)
  • Service Assessment: Isabel ; Flood Event Viewer: Isabel
  • Start of P-Surge ; SLOSH Input Track (HT3)
• Henri (TS, 997 mb, 0 dead, $0.0196) Sep 3 - Sep 8 {FL, DE, PN} -- Rain event 
• Fabian [R][Fame] (Cat4, 939 mb, 8 dead, $0.300) Aug 27 - Sep 10 {Leeward Is, Bermuda, CAN, Iceland}
• Claudette (Cat1, 979 mb, 3 dead, $0.181, W-Level 2) Jul 8 - Jul 17 {Windward Is, JAM, Yucatan Pen., N. MEX, TX}
  • 3 to 6 feet of storm surge in Galveston area (NHC's TCR)
• Bill (TS, 997 mb, 4 dead, $0.0505, W-Level 2) Jun 29 - Jul 3 {MEX, US Gulf Coast}
  • 5.04 Mendeville, LA, Levee breach in the Montegut Area, LA, 5.54 feet Bayou Bienvenue, MS (NHC's TCR)

2002 (3-TC)

• Lili [R][$][P] (Cat4, 938 mb, 15 dead, $1.16, W-Level 4) Sep 21 - Oct 4 {Antilles, SC, LA}
  • P-Surge Adv 41 - 47
  • 12.3 feet storm tide near Calumet, 11.7 feet at Vermillion Bay, 10 - 12 feet at south of Morgan city, surge and heavy rain caused levees to fail at Montegut and Franklin LA (NHC's TCR)
  • SLOSH Input Track (LF2)
• Isidore [R][$$] (Cat3, 934 mb, 22 dead, $1.3, W-Level 3) Sep 14 - Sep 27 {VEN, JAM, Cayman Is, CUB, Yucatan Pen. LA, MS}
  • 8.3 feet of storm surge at Rigoletes, LA and Gulfport Harbor, MS (NHC's TCR)
  • SLOSH Input Track (MS7)
• Gustav (Cat2, 960 mb, 4 dead, $0.00034, W-Level 2) Sep 8 - Sep 15 {US East Coast, CAN}
  • 5 to 6 feet of storm surge on the inland side of the outer banks in Hyde and Dare Co, NC (NHC's TCR)
• Kenna [R] (PAC) (Cat5, 913 mb, 4 dead, $0.101) Oct 22 - Oct 26 {W. MEX}
• Halong (Guam) (Typhoon, 904 mb, 10 dead, $0.090) Jul 5 - Jul 19 {Guam, Philippines, Japan}
  • Guam Storm - State of Emergency due to proximity to Chataan - no significant surge, but 20 foot waves
• Pongsona (Guam) (Typhoon, 910 mb, 1 dead, $0.370, W-Level 5) Dec 2 - Dec 12 {Guam, N. Mariana Is}
  • [wiki] - "... a storm surge of up to 6 m (20 ft) at some locations, with 3-4 m (9.8 - 13.1 feet) recorded near the eyewall"
• Chataan (Guam) (Typhoon, 930 mb, 54 dead, $0.660, W-Level 3) Jun 27 - July 13 {Chuuk, Guam, JPN}
  • [wiki] - Significant storm surge that peaked at 12 feet in Umatac
  • Guam storm (Surge > 1 feet at Pago Bay or Apra Harbor gauge)

2001 (1-TC)

• Michelle [R][$$] (Cat4, 933 mb, 48 dead, $2.43) Oct 29 - Nov 6 {JAM, CRI, NIC, HND, CYM, CUB, BHS, TCA, BMU, FL} - Major impact to Cuba
  • 1 to 3 feet of storm surge along S.E FL and FL Keys (NHC's TCR)
• Iris [R][H][Fame] (Cat4, 948 mb, 36 dead, $0.250) Oct 4 - Oct 9 {Windward Is, Hispaniola, JAM, HND, BLZ, GTM, E. MEX} - Major impact to Belize
• Allison [R][$][H][Fame] (TS, 1000 mb, 41 dead, $9, W-Level 1) Jun 5 - Jun 20 {TX, LA, MS, FL, VA, PA}
  • 2 to 3 feet of storm surge + wave heights up to 8 feet on Galveston Is. TX (NHC's TCR)
  • Service Assessment: Allison
  • Major Rain event (similar to Harvey-2017) 
• Adolph [R] (PAC) (Cat4, 940 mb, 0 dead, $0) May 25 - Jun 1 {S.W. and W. MEX} - Retired as name is politically insensitive

2000 (0-TC)

• Keith [R][H] (Cat4, 939 mb, 68 dead, $0.319) Sep 28 - Oct 6 {Cent. Am. Yucatan Pen. MEX, BLZ} - Major impact to Belize (Rainfall)

1999 (5-TC)

• Lenny [R][Fame](Cat4, 933 mb, 17 dead, $0.786, W-Level 5) Nov 13 - Nov 23 {COL, PR, Lesser Antilles} - "Wrong Way Lenny"
  • 15 - 20 feet in Frederiksted, St. Croix, USVI, max recorded storm tide was 2.9 feet in Lime Tree Bay, St. Croix (NHC's TCR)
• Irene (Cat2, 958 mb, 19 dead, $0.800, W-Level 1) Oct 13 - Oct 24 {CUB, BHS, FL, NC, VA}
  • 2.9 feet of storm surge at Fernandina Beach FL, 2.3 feet of storm surge at Vaca Key (NHC's TCR)
• Floyd [R][$][H][Fame][P] (Cat4, 921 mb, 87 dead, $6.5, W-Level 3) Sep 7 - Sep 19 {NC, PA, NJ, VA, MD, DE, NY, CT, Vermont, Bahamas}
  • P-Surge Adv 27 - 33
  • 9 - 10 feet of surge along NC coast (NHC's TCR)
  • Service Assessment: Floyd ; Flood Event Viewer: Floyd (empty on 11/16/2023)
  • Highlighted on MDL website ; SLOSH Input Track (BHA, IL3)
• Dennis (Cat2, 962 mb, 6 dead, $0.157, W-Level 3) Aug 24 - Sep 9 {BHS, FL, GA, NC, VA, Mid-Atlantic, New England CAN}
  • 8 to 10 feet of storm surge along Neuse River, 3 - 5 feet along NC Coast (NHC's TCR)
  • Highlighted on MDL website ; Does a loop-the-loop ; SLOSH Input Track (HT3)
• Bret (Cat4, 944 mb, 7 dead, $0.015, W-Level 3) Aug 18 - Aug 25 {MEX, TX}
  • 8 to 10 feet along Central and N. Padre Is. (based on SLOSH), 3 to 5 feet at Port Mansfield Pass, (NHC's TCR)
  • Highlighted on MDL website; SLOSH Input Track (CR3)

1998 (5-TC)

• Mitch [R][H][$$][Fame] (Cat5, 905 mb, 19,325 dead, $6.08, W-Level 1) Oct 22 - Nov 9 {HND, NIC, GTM, SLV, BLZ, MEX, CRI, JAM, Panama, FL}
  • 2 to 4 feet in FL Keys (NHC's TCR)
  • Highlighted on MDL website; Main damage from mudslides in HND followed by disease
• Georges [R][$][Fame][P] (Cat4, 937 mb, 604 dead, $9.3, W-Level 3) Sep 15 - Oct 1 {Leeward Is, PR, DOM, HTI, CUB, FL, LA, MS, AL, GA}
  • P-Surge Adv 44 - 52
  • 10 feet (Fajardo PR) and 4 - 6 feet in FL Keys, 5 - 9 feet in LA and MS, 5 - 12 ft in AL (9.3 in AL, 11.9 in For Morgan) (NHC's TCR) 
  • Highlighted on MDL website; SLOSH Input Track (HSJU, MS7)
• Frances (TS, 990 mb, 1, $0.500, W-Level 2) Sep 8 - Sep 13 {TX, LA}
  • 6 - 8 feet of storm surge along middle and upper TX coast (NHC's TCR)
• Earl (Cat2, 985 mb, 3 dead, $0.079, W-Level 2) Aug 31 - Sep 8 {FL, GA}
  • 8 feet in Franklin, Wakulla, Jefferson and Taylor Co, FL (Big-Bend FL) (NHC's TCR)
  • Highlighted on MDL website; SLOSH Input Track (HPA2)
• Bonnie [$] (Cat3, 954 mb, 5 dead, $1, W-Level 2) Aug 19 - Aug 30 {Leeward Is, NC, Mid-Atlantic}
  • 5 to 8 feet storm tide in Brunswick Co, NC; 6 feet storm surge in Pasquotank and Camden Co, NC (NHC's TCR)
  • Highlighted on MDL website; SLOSH Input Track (IL3)

1997 (3-TC)

• Danny (Cat1, 984 mb, 9 dead, $0.100, W-Level 2) Jul 16 - Jul 27 {LA, MS, AL, TN, FL, GA, SC, NC, VA, MA}
  • 2 - 5 feet of storm tide, from FL/AL border to Dauphin Is., Max storm tide 6.54 feet (NHC's TCR)
• Pauline [R][Fame] (PAC) (Cat4, 948 mb, 230-400 dead, $0.448) Oct 5 - Oct 10 {Oaxaca and Guerrero MEX}
• Paka (Guam) [R] (Cat5, 920 mb, 0, $0.580) Nov 28 - Dec 23 {Marshall Is, Mariana Is, Guam}
  • Guam storm - Gap in data at tide gauge
• Linda (PAC) [Fame] (Cat5, 902 mb, 0, $0.0032) Sep 9 - Sep 21 {Socorro Is, MEX, S. CA}
  • California storm

1997 Deterministic storm surge (Rex-File)

1996 (4-TC)

• Josephine (TS, 981 mb, 3 dead, $0.130, W-Level 3) Oct 4 - Oct 13 {US S.E., Mid-Atlantic, US N.E., CAN}
  • 9 feet in Levy Co, FL and 4 to 6 feet in Pinellas and Hillsborough Co (NHC's TCR)
• Hortense [R] (Cat4, 935 mb, 39 dead, $0.158, W-Level 3) Sep 3 - Sep 16 {Lesser Antilles, PR, DOM, TCA, CAN}
  • 9-feet storm surge in N.E. DOM; rains impacted PR (similar to Maria-2017) (NHC's TCR)
  • Puerto Rico Storm
• Fran [R][$][Fame] (Cat3, 946 mb, 27 dead, $5, W-Level 2) Aug 23 - Sep 10 {SC, NC, VA, WV, MD, PA}
  • 5.6 - 7.3 feet at Washington DC; 5.5 feet storm surge at Wilmington NC (NHC's TCR)
  • Service Assessment: Fran
  • Highlighted on MDL website
• Cesar [R] (Cat4, 945 mb, 113 dead, $0.203) Jul 24 - Aug 5 {Windward Is, TTO, Leeward Antilles, VEN, COL, MEX, GTM, PAN, SLV} - Heavy Rain and transitioned from Atlantic to Pacific basins
• Bertha (Cat3, 960 mb, 12 dead, $0.335, W-Level 2) Jul 5 - Jul 18 {Leeward Is, PR, NC, Mid-Atlantic, New England, CAN}
  • 6 feet of storm surge near Swansboro, NC (NHC's TCR)
  • Service Assessment: Bertha

1995 (3-TC)

• Roxanne [R][$$] (Cat3, 956 mb, 29 dead, $1.5) Oct 7 - Oct 21 {MEX}
• Opal [R][$][H][Fame] (Cat4, 916 mb, 63 dead, $4.7, W-Level 3) Sep 27 - Oct 6 {GTM, MEX, AL, FL - Panhandle}
  • Still water marks ranged from 5 to 14 feet MSL in Panhandle, 8.3 feet Panama City Beach, breaking waves added 10 feet; 5 - 6 feet Apalachicola, 2 - 4 feet Sarasota (NHC's TCR)
  • Highlighted on MDL website; SLOSH Input Track (EPN3); Wave surge interaction!
• Marilyn [R][$][Fame] (Cat3, 949 mb, 13 dead, $2.5, W-Level 2) Sep 12 - Sep 30 {Leeward Is, BRB, MTQ, DMA, GLP, PR, VI, BMU}
  • 6 feet of storm surge at St Croix, 6.6 feet St. Thomas (NHC's TCR)
  • Service Assessment: Marilyn
  • Puerto Rico storm
• Luis [R][$$][Fame] (Cat4, 935 mb, 19 dead, $3.3) Aug 28 - Sep 12 {Leeward Is, VI, PR, BMU} - Very wet storm impacting Leeward Is.
• Jerry (TS, 1002 mb, 8 dead, $0.040) Aug 22 - Aug 28 {FL, GA, SC, NC}
  • 1 to 2 feet storm tide along S.E. FL (NHC's TCR)
  • Flood Event Viewer: Jerry (Due to heavy rainfall in FL, GA, SC, NC)
• Erin (Cat2, 973 mb, 16 dead, $0.700, W-Level 2) Jul 31 - Aug 6 {BHS, JAM, US East coast, LA, AK, MS}
  • 6 to 7 feet of storm tides west of Navarre Beach, FL (NHC's TCR)
  • Highlighted on MDL website; SLOSH Input Track (PB3)
• Allison () -- W-Level 3 Notes "Maximum storm surge heights were estimated at 6 to 8 ft from Wakulla through Dixie counties...”, FL (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Ismael [R][Fame] (PAC) (Cat1, 983 mb, 116 dead, $0.26) Sep 12 - Sep 18 {MEX} - Rain induced flooding caused a lot of deaths in MEX

1995 Start of ETSS

Before 1995, NHC doesn't have online TCR, so W-level is defined based on best estimates

Notes

• W-level: 1=[2..4] ft, 2=[5..8] ft, 3=[9-11] ft, 4=[12..14] ft, 5=[15...] ft - Storm Surge
• (PAC) = Pacific Tropical Cyclone; (ET) = Extra-Tropical storm
• Dollar amounts are in Billions
• [R] = NHC's retired names list
• [$] = NHC's costliest storms
• [H] = NHC's hurricanes in history list
• [$$] = Wikipedia's costliest Atlantic Hurricanes
• [Fame] = Hurricanes Fandom Hall of Fame wiki page
• [@] = Latest major/minor on record for area

1994 ()

• Gordon [Fame] (Cat1, 980mb, 1,152 dead, $0.594, W-Level 2 (Fort Myers)) Nov 8 - Nov 21 {Haiti, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Panama, Cuba, FL, NC}
  • A lot of death in Haiti
• Beryl (TS, 999mb, 5 dead, $0.0742, W-Level 1) Aug 14 - Aug 19 {FL (Panama City)}
• Alberto [$][H] (TS, 993mb, 32 dead, $1.03, W-Level 2) Jun 30 - Jul 7 {AL, GA, FL Panhandle}
  • Service Assessment: Alberto
  • Notes "A storm tide of 5 feet was estimated near Destin. A 3 foot storm surge (NGVD) occurred at Panama City, Panama City Beach, Turkey Point and Apalachicola.”, FL Panhandle (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)

1993 ()

• Gert [Fame] (Cat2, 970mb, 116 dead, $0.170) Sep 14 - Sep 26 {Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, MEX}
• Emily (Cat3, 960mb, 3 dead, $0.035, W-Level 2) Aug 22 - Sep 6 {NC - Dare Co}
  • At Frisco and Hatteras, water levels along the Pamlico Sound reached 8.5 feet (2.6 m) above normal
•  Superstorm of Mar-1993 (ET, 960mb, 318 dead, $5.5, W-Level 4) Mar 12 - Mar 14 {Eastern US, CAN, MEX, Cuba, Bahamas, Bermuda}
  • 12 feet Pine Is, FL; 11.8 feet Apalachee Bay
  • Reason for ETSS
  • Service Assessment: Mar-1993

1992 ()

• Great Nor'easter of Dec-1992 (ET, 985mb, 4 dead, $1-2, W-Level 3) Dec 10 - Dec 12 {Mid Atlantic, New England}
  • "The highest tide was 10.4 feet (3.2 m) in Perth Amboy along the Raritan River"
  • Service Assessment: Dec-1992
• Danielle (TS, 1001mb, 2 dead, $NA, W-Level 1) Sep 22 - Sep 26 {NC, VA, MD, DE, NJ, PA}
• Andrew [R][$][H][Fame] (Cat5, 922mb, 65 dead, $27.3, W-Level 4) Aug 16 - Aug 29 {Bahamas, SE FL, LA}
  • Service Assessment: Andrew
• Iniki (PAC) [$][Fame] (Cat4, 938mb, 7 dead, $3.1, W-Level 2 possibly W-Level 4) Sep 5 - Sep 13 {Kauai}
  • Hawaii Storm
  • "Iniki lashed the southern Kauaʻi coastline with a 13 to 20 feet rise in water"
  • SLOSH model (coarse grid, no wave-setup) has 4 feet.
  • Service Assessment: Iniki
• Gay (Guam)
  • Guam Storm - No surge (based on tide gauge)

1991 ()

• Bob [R][$][Fame] (Cat3, 950mb, 17 dead, $1.5, W-Level 2) Aug 16 - Aug 20 {RI, MA, CT, NC}
• Halloween Nor'easter of Oct-1991 [Fame]
  • Service Assessment: Oct-1991
• Val (Am Samoa) (Cat4, 940mb, 17 dead, $0.381) Dec 4 - Dec 17 {Tuvalu, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Is, Cook Is, Tonga}
  • Am Samoa Storm (Major Disaster Area on Dec 13)

1990 ()

• Klaus [R]
• Diana [R]
• Russ (Guam)
  • Guam Storm (negative surge ~1 foot)
• Ofa (Am Samoa) (Cat4, 925mb, 8 dead, $0.188) Jan 27 - Feb 10 {Tuvalu, W. Samoa, Am. Samoa, Tokelau, Niue, Tonga}
  • Am Samoa Storm (Major Disaster Area on Dec 9)

1989 ()

• Jerry () {EGL3}
• Hugo [R][$][H][Fame]
  • Service Assessment: Hugo
• Chantal () {EGL3} -- W-Level 2++ Notes “Tides at High Island were 7.0 feet MSL...There was extensive beach erosion from High Island to Sea Rim State Park.”, TX (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)

1988 ()

• Joan [R][$$][Fame]
• Gilbert [R][$$][H][Fame] -- W-Level 2 Notes “Tides of 3 to 5 feet above normal were reported along the Texas coast with a number of low-lying roads under water. There was considerable beach erosion on Padre Island.”, TX (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Florence () {MS7} - SDP
• Roy (Guam)
  • Guam Storm (~ 0.6 feet of surge)

1987 ()

• Floyd () {EKE2}

1986 ()

• Charley () {HT3}
• Bonnie () {EGL3}

1985 ()

• Kate () {HPA2}
• Juan [$] {MS7} -- W-Level 3  Notes “Storm surges were 8 feet at Cocodrie...LA 1 south of Leeville and LA 3090 near Fourchon were destroyed.  Three bridges were washed out near Lacombe on LA 434.  Levees were overtopped in Lockport, Marrero, Oswego, and Myrtle Grove; this added to the already serious flooding. ... Grand Isle was under 4 feet of sea water; 1200 residents were trapped on the island as the storm surge cut off any evacuation attempts early on.”, LA (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Gloria [R] {NY3}
• Elena [R][$][Fame]
• Danny () {EBP3} -- W-Level 3  Notes “Storm surges of 8 feet were seen along the coast of South Central Louisiana. Highway 46 near Hopedale in St. Bernard Parish was impassable due to the high waters. The pier at Grand Isle State Park was damaged, while a pier near Slidell was demolished. Coastal erosion was greatest in Terrebonne and Lower Jefferson Parishes.”, LA (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Bob () {ESV4}

1984 ()

• Diana () {IL3}

1983 ()

• Alicia [R][$][H][Fame]

1982 ()

• Iwa (PAC) (Cat1, 968mb, 1 dead, $0.312, W-Level 1, possibly W-Level 2) Nov 19 - Nov 25 {Kauai}
  • Hawaii Storm
  • "It is estimated the storm surge reached eight feet on the south coast of Kauaʻi."
  • SLOSH model (coarse grid, no wave-setup) has 3 ft.
• Paul (PAC) [Fame] (Sep)
• San Francisco Bay Flood of 1982
  • Service Assessment: San Fran Bay Flood 1982 "Above normal high tides coincided with maximum rainfall runoff" (p. 10)

1981 ()

1980 ()

• Jeanne -- W-Level 2 Notes “Tides of 2 to 4 feet above normal occurred along the Texas coast accompanied by a prolonged period of rough seas and heavy swells. However, only minor beach erosion was reported.”, TX (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Danielle -- W-Level 1 Notes “Tides were no more than 2 to 3 feet above normal on the southwest Louisiana and upper Texas coasts. Beach erosion was minor.”, LA (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Allen [R][$$][Fame]

1979 ()

• Frederic [R][$][Fame]
• David [R][$$][Fame]
• Claudette [H]
• Bob () {MS7} -- W-Level 2 Notes “Tides were generally 3 to 5 feet above normal and rainfall totals between 3 and 6 inches...No serious flooding was reported in Louisiana, Mississippi, or Alabama.”, LA (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)

1978 ()

• Greta [R]
• Amelia [Fame]

1977 ()

• Babe () {MS7}
• Anita [R]

1976 ()

• Belle () {NY3}
• Liza (PAC) [Fame] (Oct)

1975 ()

• Eloise [R][Fame]

1974 ()

• Fifi [R][$$][Fame] (Cat2, 971mb, 8,210 dead, $1.8) Sep 14 - Sep 24 {PR, Hispaniola, JAM, NIC, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, MEX}
• Carmen [R]

1973 ()

• Delia () -- W-Level 2++ Notes "“Tides of 4 to 6 ft MSL in Galveston Bay caused flooding of the Baytown area and an estimated $3 million in losses for
  homeowners.”, TX (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)

1972 ()

• Agnes [R][$][H][Fame] (Cat1, 977mb, 128 dead, $2.1) Jun 14 - Jun 23 {Yucatan Peninsula, West Cuba, FL, GA, AL, PA, MD, DC, DE, CAN, Iceland, British Isles}

1971 ()

• Ginger () {IL3}
• Fern [@] (Cat1) {Nueces Co - TX}
• Edith () {EBP3}

1970 ()

• Celia [R]

1969 ()

• Gerda () {PN2}
• Camille [R][$][H][Fame] (Cat5, 900mb, 259 dead, $1.42, W-Level 5) Aug 14 - Aug 22 {Cuba, Yucatan Peninsula, AL, MS, VA}
  • Ostrica Lock, LA measured 16 feet
  • Richelieu Manner Apartments were destroyed

======================== 1969 - B-Track file format change ==================

1968 ()

• Gladys [@] (Cat1) {Citrus Co - FL} -- W-Level 2++ Notes "Highest tides were estimated at 6.5 feet, causing considerable beach erosion and
  flooding of coastal areas.”, FL (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Candy -- W-Level 2 Notes “Tides ranged up to 4 ft in San Antonio Bay and Corpus Christi Bay and were 2 to 3 ft elsewhere on the central and upper Texas coasts. Damage was confined mainly to the formation of cuts along Padre Island and coastal oil industry equipment.”, TX (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)

1967 ()

• Beulah [R][Fame]

1966 ()

• Inez [R][Fame]
• Faith [Fame]
• Alma () {AP3} - NOAA Storm Surge Website?

1965 ()

• Betsy [R][$][Fame] (Cat4, 942mb, 81 dead, $1.42, W-Level 2 (FL)) Aug 27 - Sep 13 {Antilles, Bahamas, FL, LA, MS, AR}

1964 ()

• Isbell () {EKE2}
• Hilda [R]
• Dora [R][Fame] (Cat4, 942mb, 5 dead, $0.280, W-Level 2 possibly 3) Aug 28 - Sep 15 {Bahamas, East Coast (FL), CAN}
• Cleo [R][Fame]

1963 ()

• Flora [R][Fame] (Cat4, 933mb, 7,193 dead, $0.773) Sep 26 - Oct 13 {Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago, Bermuda, CAN}
• Cindy () {EGL3}

1962 ()

• Karen (Guam) (Cat5, 894mb, 11 dead, $0.250) Nov 7 - Nov 17 {Guam, Mariana Is, Taiwan, Ryukyu Is}
  • Worst typhoon to ever impact Guam, 95% of homes on Guam were destroyed,
  • Tied with 1969-Camille and 2018-Yutu as 2nd strongest TC to make landfall

1961 ()

• Hattie [R][Fame]
• Carla [R][Fame]
• Tara (PAC) [Fame] (Nov)

1960 ()

• Ethel () {MS7}
• Donna [R][H][Fame]

1959 ()

• Judith -- W-Level 1 Notes “A 75-foot long section of boardwalk next to Naples’ city fishing pier was washed away in the pounding surf – three feet
  above normal.”, FL (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Gracie [@] (NA, NA, NA, NA) Aug 6 {SC - Beaufort Co.} - NOAA Storm Surge Website?
• Debra () {EGL3}
• Cindy () {HCH2}
• Beulah -- W-Level 1 Notes “Tides 2 to 3 feet above normal and rough seas were reported along the lower Texas coast. No reports of damage or loss of life have been received.”, Texas (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Dot (PAC) (NA, NA, NA, NA) Aug 6 {Kauai}
  • Hawaii Storm
• Mexico (PAC) [Fame] (Oct)

1958 ()

• Ella -- W-Level 2 Notes “Highest tides were between 2 and 4 feet along the Texas and Louisiana coasts. Some coastal roads were closed due to tide and waves.”, TX, LA (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)

1957 ()

• Esther -- W-Level 2 Notes “US Highway 90 along the beach was pronounced unsafe for travel by the state police which sent extra troopers to detour
  motorists as five-foot tides smashed over the seawall.”, MS (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Audrey [R][H][Fame] (Cat3, 946mb, 416 dead, $0.150) Jun 25 - Jun 29 {TX, LA, S.E. US, MidWest U.S., New England}
• Nina (PAC) (NA, NA, 4 dead, NA) Dec 2 {Kauai}
  • Hawaii Storm

1956 ()

• Flossy () -- W-Level 2++ Notes “Flossy’s highest tides in Florida ranged from five to six feet and caused minor damages to piers and small craft. Beachfront erosion was severe, and several homes were destroyed.”, FL (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Betsy (aka Santa Clara) (Cat3, 954mb, 37 dead, $0.050) Aug 9 - Aug 18 {Lesser Antilles, VI, PR, Hispaniola, Bahamas}

1955 ()

• Janet [R][Fame]
• Ione [R]
• Hilda [Fame]
• Diane [R][H][Fame] (Cat2, 969mb, 184+ dead, $0.832) Aug 7 - Aug 23 {NC, PA, NJ, NY, CT, RI, MA}
• Connie [R][H]

1954 ()

• Hazel [R][H][Fame] (Cat4, 938mb, 1192 dead, $0.382) Oct 5 - Oct 18 {Trinidad and Tobago, Lesser Antilles, Northern South America, PR, Leeward Antilles, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba, Lucayan Archipelago, NC, SC, VA, MD, PA, DE, NJ, NY, CAN}
• Edna [R][H]
• Carol [R][H][Fame] (Cat3, 955mb, 72 dead, $0.462, W-Level 5) Aug 25 - Sep 1 {Bahamas, NC, NY, New England}
• Allice II [Fame]

1953 ()

• Hazel () {EFM2}
• Florence () {HPA2} -- W-Level 2++ Notes “Tides were five feet above normal at Apalachicola and Carrabelle and “six or seven feet” at Panacea.”, FL (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Barbara () {HT3}

Before 1953, storms didn't have a standard naming convention.  W-level is defined based on best estimates

Notes

• W-level: 1=[2..4] ft, 2=[5..8] ft, 3=[9-11] ft, 4=[12..14] ft, 5=[15...] ft - Storm Surge
• (PAC) = Pacific Tropical Cyclone; (ET) = Extra-Tropical storm
• Dollar amounts are in Billions
• [$] = NHC's costliest storms
• [H] = NHC's hurricanes in history list
• [$$] = Wikipedia's costliest Atlantic Hurricanes
• [Fame] = Hurricanes Fandom Hall of Fame wiki page
• [@] = Latest major/minor on record for area

1952 

• Groundhog Day Storm [Fame]
• Able () {HCH2}

1951 ()

• Charlie [Fame]
• Able [Fame] May storm - "Wrong way, wrong time"
• Hester (Guam)
  • Guam Storm - No tide data

1950 ()

• King [@] {Ft Lauderdale}
• Easy [@] {Citrus Co.}
• Dog [Fame]
• Baker () {EMO2} -- W-Level 2 Notes “Some beach property and wharves were damaged when water rose five and half feet above normal.”, FL Panhandle (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• Hiki (PAC) (NA, NA, NA, NA) Aug 15 {Hawaii}

1949 ()

• 1949 Texas Hurricane (Cat2, 965mb, 3 dead, $0.0067, W-Level 3) Oct 6 - Oct 7 {TX}
  • Tides of 11.4 ft above normal
• San Mateo of 1949 (Cat1, 1003mb, 15 dead, $0.000012) Sep 20 - Sep 22 {PR}
• OKE, Delray Beach, Florida Hurricane (Cat4, 954mb, 2 dead, $0.052, W-Level 3) Aug 23 - Aug 31 {Leeward Is, PR, Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos, Cuba, Bahamas, East Coast - Okeechobee}

1947 ()

• Fort Lauderdale Hurricane (or George) [Fame] (Cat4, 938mb, 51 dead, $0.110, ) Sep 4 - Sep 20 {Bahamas, FL, LA, MS}
  • SDP - Sep 19, {MS7}
• Cape Sable Hurricane (or King) (Cat2, 965mb, 1 dead, $0.00326, ) Oct 9 - Oct 16 {Cuba, FL, Bahamas, GA, SC}

1946 ()

• Tampa () -- Notes: Cat 1, "minor record for area", FL - Hillsboro Co

1945 ()

• Texas () -- Notes Aug, NOAA Storm surge website?

1944 ()

• Great Atlantic [H][Fame] (Cat5, 918mb, 300-400 dead, $0.100, W-level 3) Sep 9 - Sep 15 {New England, CAN}
  • Wanchese, NC had 10 foot tides
• Cuba-Florida Hurricane (Oct) [Fame]
• Bos () {PV2}
• Hurricane #3
• Hurricane #7

1942 ()

• Texas () -- Notes Aug 30, NOAA Storm surge website?

1941 ()

• Florida -- W-Level 2 Notes “The lowest pressure, at Everglades City, 995.6 millibars (29.40 inches), was accompanied by winds exceeding 65 miles per hour and a tide of 4.1 feet which flooded the town and surrounded low country to a depth of about 1 foot.”, FL (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)

1940 () - S.E. Hurricane

1939 ()

• Encinitas Tropical Storm (PAC) [Fame] (Sep) (Southern California storm)

1938 - New England [H][Fame]

1936 ()

• Florida -- W-Level 2 Notes “Just after the storm center passed, an ‘abnormally high tide’ occurred, which measured 5.5 feet above normal and left water 18 inches deep in the streets of Everglades City.”, FL (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)

1935 ()

• Caribbean Hurricane (Oct) [Fame]
• Florida Keys Labor Day [H][Fame] (Cat5, 892mb, 423 dead, $0.100, W-level 3) Aug 29 - Sep 10 {Bahamas, FL Keys, SW FL, N Fl, GA, SC, NC, VA, MD, DE, NJ, NY, and New England}

1934 - Central American Hurricane (Jun) [Fame]

1933 - Chesapeake

1932 - Great Cuban Hurricane (Nov) [Fame]

1931 - National Day Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]

1930 - Santo Domingo Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]

1928 - San Felipe 2 (aka Okeechobee) [H][Fame] (Cat5, 929mb, 4,112 dead, $0.100) Sep 6 - Sep 21 {Cape Verde, Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe, VI, PR, Bahamas, FL, GA, US Atlantic Coast, CAN}

1926 ()

• Miami [H][Fame] -- W-Level 2 Notes “On the 21st the tide was estimated at 4.2 feet at 6:30 a. m.; it was then overflowing low ground along the water front with highest waves running possibly 5.0 feet, portions of Water Street being then from 6 to 8 inches under water.”, FL Panhandle (https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/15338)
• La Habana Hurricane (Oct) [Fame]

1921 - Tampa Bay Hurricane [Fame] (Cat4, 941mb, 8 dead, $0.010, W-level 4) Oct 20 - Oct 30 {Caribbean, Cuba, FL Keys, FL Peninsula}

1919 - Atlantic-Gulf [H][Fame]

1915 ()

• New Orleans Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]
• Galveston Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]

1910 - Cyclone of the Five Days [Fame]

1909 ()

• Grand Isle Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]
• Great Mexican Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]
• Monterrey Hurricane (Cat3, 955mb, 4,000 dead, $0.050) Aug 20 - Aug 28 {Leeward Is, Dom Republic, Haiti, CUB, MEX, TX}

1908 - March Hurricane (Mar) [Fame]

1906 - Florida Keys Hurricane (Oct) [Fame]

1903 - Vagabond Hurricane

1900 - Galveston [H][Fame] (Cat4, 936mb, 8,000 - 12,000 dead, $1.25) Aug 27 - Sep 15 {Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Turks and Caicos, Bahamas, TX}

1899 - San Ciriaco Hurricane [Fame] (Cat4, 930 mb, 3,855 dead, $0.020) Aug 3 - Sep 12 {Leeward Is, PR, Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos, CUB, Bahamas, NC, CAN, Azores}

1896 - Cedar Keys

1893 ()

• Chenier Caminada Hurricane (Oct) [Fame]
• Charleston Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]
• Sea Islands Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]
• New York Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]

1891 - San Magin Hurricane [Fame]

1888 - Straits of Florida Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]

1886 - Indianola Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]

1885 - Hurricane #2

1881 - Savanah-Carolina Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]

1879 - Great Beaufort Hurricane

1878 ()

• Gale ()
• Hurricane #5 {Gulf Coast}

1877 - Hurricane #4 {Gulf Coast}

1876 - San Felipe (Cat3, 980mb, 21 dead, NA) Sep 12 - Sep 19 {Antigua, St. Kitts, VI, PR, Hispaniola, NC, SC}

1875 - Great Indianola Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]

1872 - Hurricane #5 {Gulf Coast}

1870 - San Marcos Hurricane (Oct) [Fame]

1869 - Saxby's Gale (Oct) [Fame]

1867 - San Narciso Hurricane (Oct) [Fame]

1866 - Bahamas Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]

1861 ()

• Expedition
• Hurricane #5

1858 ()

• San Diego Hurricane (PAC) [Fame] (Oct) (Southern California)

1856

• Last Island Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]
• Hurricane #5
• Charter Oak

1854 - Hurricane

1851 - Apalachicola

======================== 1851 - Start of B-Track file ==================

1850 ()

• Aug Hurricane () {Gulf Coast}
• July Hurricane {TBD}

1846 - Great Havana Hurricane (Oct) [Fame]

1842 - Hurricane #1

1837 - Calypso

1831 - Great Caribbean Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]

1829 - Tropical Storm

1827 - Saint Kitts, NC

1825 ()

• Santa Ana Hurricane (Jul) [Fame]
• Charleston () {}

1822 - Carolina

1821 ()

• Great American Hurricane (Sep) [Fame]
• Long Island () {}

1817 - Tropical Storm {Gulf Coast}

1816 - Tropical Storm

1815 - Boston

1813 - West Indian Hurricane (Aug) [Fame]

1806 ()

• Great Coastal
• Hurricane #2

1803 - Norfolk

1788 - George Washington

1786 - Storm

1785 ()

• Delaware
• Equinoctial Storm

1783 - Charleston

1780 ()

• Great Hurricane [Fame] (NA, NA, 22,000 - 27,501 dead, NA) Oct {}
• St. Lucia (aka San Antonio) Hurricane [Fame] (NA, NA, 4,000 - 5,000 dead, NA) Jun 13 {PR}

1776 - Pointe-a-Pitre Hurricane [Fame] (NA, NA, 6,000+ dead, NA) Sep 5 - Sep 12 {Guadeloupe}

1775 - Newfoundland (aka Independence) Hurricane (NA, NA, 4,000 - 4,193 dead, NA) NA {NA}

1635 - Boston

Storm name Key: (*) Storm was Retired also here, (^) NHC's Hurricane's in History list,

Cat (LF): Storm reached the first number at sea, but the second number at landfall.

Surge: (*) NHC Storm Surge List, (!) COASTAL Act List, (#) Potential Validation List (7/5/2018), (^) AT List, (@) latest major on record for Area, (+) latest minor on record for Area, p[x] P-Surge List where x are the advisories, (NOAA) Was on NOAA Storm Surge website

Deaths: (value) where value is based on NHC Info, [value] based on other NHC Info

$Billion: Based on NHC Costliest, Also based on other NHC Info

US Areas: (*) Key damage was not in US